The following method is used to prepare a pure sample of ester JJJ:
- Step 1: Mix 10 cm310\text{ cm}^310 cm3 of propan-1-ol with 12 cm312\text{ cm}^312 cm3 of ethanoic acid in a reaction flask. Add 444 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid and some anti-bumping granules. Assemble the reflux chemistry apparatus and heat the mixture.
- Step 2: Transfer the cooled mixture to a separating funnel. Add 25 cm325\text{ cm}^325 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate, stopper the funnel, and shake the mixture.
- Step 3: Run off the organic layer into a beaker, add anhydrous sodium sulfate, and decant the liquid.
- Step 4: Purify the ester using distillation.
Answer the following questions based on this preparation method:
- Explain the purpose of adding anti-bumping granules in Step 1.
- State the purpose of adding aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate in Step 2.
- Suggest a precaution (with a reason) that should be taken while shaking the mixture in the separating funnel in Step 2.
- State the function of the anhydrous sodium sulfate in Step 3.
- Suggest how the purity of ester JJJ can be confirmed during the distillation in Step 4.