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Question 12

An environmental researcher plans to investigate the air quality in a city to estimate the average daily exposure of a typical resident to fine particulate matter (PM2.5PM_{2.5}PM2.5​). The city consists of three distinct zones: a pedestrianised commercial centre, a busy multi-lane ring road, and quiet suburban residential streets.

The researcher's proposed sampling plan is as follows:

  • Generate 8 random grid coordinates across a map of the entire city.
  • Take a single PM2.5PM_{2.5}PM2.5​ measurement at each coordinate using a portable sensor for a duration of 5 minutes at 11:00 AM on a Sunday.
  • Calculate the arithmetic mean of these 8 measurements to represent the typical daily exposure of a city resident.

Describe two improvements to the researcher's plan and explain why they would be improvements.

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Planning Questions

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