Yeast cells can be genetically engineered to produce human serum albumin (HSA) for clinical use.

In a biotechnology laboratory, a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was treated to take up recombinant plasmids using electroporation. Statistical analysis of the treated culture showed:

• 1 in 160 yeast cells successfully took up a plasmid.
• 1 in 625 of the plasmids taken up by the yeast cells contained the functional HSA gene.