During pre-flight preparation, a hawkmoth shivers its flight muscles, raising its thoracic temperature up to 20∘C20^\circ\text{C}20∘C above the air temperature. The moth's thorax is covered with a thick layer of fine scales.
Using this information, explain why the hawkmoth can be described as showing endothermic behavior.
Explain why it is more difficult for a small insect, such as a hawkmoth, to maintain a constant body temperature compared to a larger mammal.
Gaseous exchange in insects relies on a system of internal tubes.
Air enters and leaves this system through small, controlled openings along the side of the body. Name these openings.
At the innermost ends of these respiratory tubules, there is a specialized fluid in contact with the respiring tissues. Name the microscopic, highly-branched tubules where this fluid-tissue interface is located.
Explain why large, active animals require a specialized, mass transport system to distribute oxygen and nutrients, whereas very small organisms do not.
A student is asked to produce an accurate scientific drawing of the gaseous exchange system of a dissected insect. They have already used a sharp pencil and written a clear title. Suggest two other guidelines the student should follow to ensure their drawing is presented clearly and accurately.
