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Biodiversity

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Question 4

In a long-term conservation study of a restored peatland in the Scottish Highlands, researchers monitored several key bird species. The table below shows the estimated breeding population of the Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata) between 1995 and 2023:

YearEstimated Population (Breeding Pairs)
19953200
20032450
20111800
2023960
a.

Calculate the average rate of change in the Eurasian curlew breeding population between 1995 and 2023. Include the appropriate sign to show whether the population increased or decreased.

[3]
b.

Peatland restoration projects aim to maintain and restore local biodiversity. The reasons for maintaining biodiversity can be grouped into three main categories: ecological, economic, and aesthetic.

Below are six statements, A to F, regarding the biodiversity of this peatland reserve:

  • A: The haunting call of the curlew and the expansive, dramatic landscapes of the peatlands inspire local poets and landscape painters.
  • B: Sphagnum mosses in the peatland trap vast amounts of water, reducing downstream flooding risks for nearby villages.
  • C: The peatlands serve as a nursery for diverse insect populations, which pollinate heather and nearby agricultural crops.
  • D: Controlled harvesting of peatland berries and heather is used to produce artisanal foodstuffs and traditional dyes for commercial sale.
  • E: Guided ecological walking tours of the peat bogs provide direct employment and a source of revenue for rural communities.
  • F: Visitors report a profound sense of peace and mental well-being when walking through the quiet, open peatland habitats.

Complete the classification by matching each of the statements (A to F) with its appropriate category. Each letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

[6]

Biodiversity Questions

  1. A Level
  2. /Biology
  3. /Biodiversity