Engineers investigated the impact of a newly developed hydrophobic nano-coating on the surface drag coefficient ( $C_d$ ) of autonomous underwater gliders.

Gliders treated with the nano-coating were tested in a high-precision flow tank 15 times ( $n_1 = 15$ ). A control group of identical gliders without the coating was tested under the same experimental conditions 13 times ( $n_2 = 13$ ).

The mean drag coefficients recorded under each condition were:

Control (Uncoated): $0.185 \pm 0.012$
Treated (Nano-coated): $0.142 \pm 0.009$

State the statistical test that should be used to compare the means of these two groups, and calculate the degrees of freedom ( $df\text{df}$ ) for this test.

The statistical test was performed, yielding a $p$ -value of $p < 0.05$ . Using the words probability, chance, and significant, draw a scientific conclusion from this result.

Engineers investigated the impact of a newly developed hydrophobic nano-coating on the surface drag coefficient ( $C_d$ ) of autonomous underwater gliders.

The mean drag coefficients recorded under each condition were:

Control (Uncoated): $0.185 \pm 0.012$
Treated (Nano-coated): $0.142 \pm 0.009$

State the statistical test that should be used to compare the means of these two groups, and calculate the degrees of freedom ( $df\text{df}$ ) for this test.

The statistical test was performed, yielding a $p$ -value of $p < 0.05$ . Using the words probability, chance, and significant, draw a scientific conclusion from this result.

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Analysis Questions