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Two lines of defence

Two lines of defence

Flowchart comparing innate barriers with specific immune responses, showing skin, tears, mucus, inflammation, phagocytosis, B cells, T cells, antibodies and memory cells

A pathogen is a disease-causing organism or agent such as a bacterium, virus, fungus or protoctist. An antigen is a foreign molecule, usually a protein or glycoprotein, that the immune system can recognise.

Immune response Lesson

  1. A Level
  2. /Biology
  3. /Immune response

Step-by-step lessons on Eduqas A Level Biology Immune response. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Build a strong foundation in cell biology and biochemistry early on, since later topics on genetics, ecology and physiology all draw on these core concepts.

Lessons