skin, mucus, stomach acid and lysozyme non-specific defences?","back":"They act broadly and do not recognise one particular antigen.","points":2},{"id":"a22246d2-2dcb-4bdf-bc9c-95aa1fd004e8","cardType":"cloze","front":"An [ ] is often a protein or glycoprotein recognised by the immune system and can trigger a [ ].","back":"An antigen is often a protein or glycoprotein recognised by the immune system and can trigger a specific immune response.","points":null},{"id":"8b912a9e-942c-4a10-bc7a-d4f74c96e723","cardType":"basic","front":"Why do the outer layers of skin make pathogen entry difficult?","back":"They are dead, keratinised cells.","points":1},{"id":"712fee42-1250-4c74-a21c-6f591abb2dca","cardType":"basic","front":"What do ciliated epithelial cells do to mucus containing trapped pathogens?","back":"Waft it towards the throat to be swallowed.","points":1},{"id":"c11781f4-b80d-483b-b0a8-b8217c99a682","cardType":"cloze","front":"Stomach [ ] kills many swallowed pathogens; [ ] breaks down bacterial cell walls.","back":"Stomach hydrochloric acid kills many swallowed pathogens; lysozyme breaks down bacterial cell walls.","points":null},{"id":"a429473a-e2f4-4604-a315-df81724f9e9d","cardType":"basic","front":"Which signalling chemical mentioned in the notes helps start inflammation?","back":"Histamine.","points":1},{"id":"f546de5a-539d-43f2-9b67-914c4fb32908","cardType":"cloze","front":"During inflammation, [ ] increases blood flow; increased [ ] lets plasma and white blood cells leave blood more easily.","back":"During inflammation, vasodilation increases blood flow; increased capillary permeability lets plasma and white blood cells leave blood more easily.","points":null},{"id":"d871db9c-002d-45cc-bbf9-29280919429f","cardType":"basic","front":"In phagocytosis, what two actions remove the pathogen?","back":"

Engulfed by the phagocyte.
Digested by lysosomal enzymes.

","points":2},{"id":"2909da2d-d7c3-4800-a4af-de5ca26bd6de","cardType":"basic","front":"How can macrophages help activate the specific immune response?","back":"They display processed antigen fragments on their surface.","points":2},{"id":"653c2280-ad38-4819-9636-596919c6632f","cardType":"cloze","front":"A lymphocyte is activated only if its receptor is [ ] to the particular [ ].","back":"A lymphocyte is activated only if its receptor is complementary to the particular antigen.","points":null},{"id":"da5266ab-ef6d-41a1-b935-92d4f0b3f44c","cardType":"basic","front":"What do T helper cell cytokines stimulate B lymphocytes to do?","back":"Divide and produce antibodies.","points":2},{"id":"63714a4e-0a89-416d-b567-2bab277ea925","cardType":"basic","front":"Why are T killer cells useful against viruses inside body cells?","back":"Antibodies cannot easily reach inside cells.","points":2},{"id":"264db3e7-98e3-4779-95b3-1d1998f8e33b","cardType":"cloze","front":"T killer cells recognise [ ] and cause those cells to [ ].","back":"T killer cells recognise antigens displayed on infected cells and cause those cells to die.","points":null},{"id":"9f9b8fe5-9700-4a11-990d-ef4279a46834","cardType":"cloze","front":"B lymphocytes mature in [ ] and are involved in [ ].","back":"B lymphocytes mature in bone marrow and are involved in humoral immunity.","points":null},{"id"

Non-specific and specific immune responses Flashcards

Non-specific and specific immune responses Flashcards

Non-specific and specific immune responses Flashcards

Non-specific and specific immune responses Flashcards