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Light-dependent and light-independent reactions
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Two linked stages of photosynthesis

Two linked stages of photosynthesis

Chloroplast showing grana, thylakoid membrane, stroma, and the locations of the light-dependent reaction and Calvin cycle

Photosynthesis transfers light energy into chemical energy stored in organic molecules. The summary equation is:

Light-dependent and light-independent reactions Lesson

  1. A Level
  2. /Biology
  3. /Light-dependent and light-independent reactions

Step-by-step lessons on Edexcel A A Level Biology Light-dependent and light-independent reactions. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Build a strong foundation in cell biology and biochemistry early on, since later topics on genetics, ecology and physiology all draw on these core concepts.

Lessons