Pathogens, antigens and the two layers of defence
Pathogens, antigens and the two layers of defence

A pathogen is a disease-causing organism or particle, and an antigen is a molecule whose shape can be recognised by the immune system. Immunity depends on specific recognition because only receptors or antibodies with a complementary shape will bind that antigen.
Step-by-step lessons on Edexcel A A Level Biology Immunity, pathogen evolution and antibiotics. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Build a strong foundation in cell biology and biochemistry early on, since later topics on genetics, ecology and physiology all draw on these core concepts.