Why the heart and blood vessels are needed
Why the heart and blood vessels are needed

Large mammals cannot rely on diffusion alone because they have a small surface area to volume ratio and many cells lie far from the external environment. They need mass transport, the bulk movement of substances in a transport medium such as blood.
Step-by-step lessons on Edexcel A A Level Biology Heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Build a strong foundation in cell biology and biochemistry early on, since later topics on genetics, ecology and physiology all draw on these core concepts.