"What does atrial contraction do just before ventricular contraction?","back":"It tops up the ventricles with blood.","points":1},{"id":"f2b00e0a-93d6-4135-b268-75411b1c6a32","cardType":"cloze","front":"Because the heart is [ ], its rhythm starts in [ ], not a motor neurone.","back":"Because the heart is myogenic, its rhythm starts in cardiac muscle tissue, not a motor neurone.","points":null},{"id":"97175b7f-42db-42ff-ac03-3d1ca21f2b12","cardType":"basic","front":"Which structure sets the heart’s basic rhythm?","back":"The sinoatrial node (SAN).","points":1},{"id":"73f51644-a6d1-409d-8f59-443b37780d34","cardType":"basic","front":"What happens when the SAN wave spreads across both atria?","back":"It causes atrial systole.","points":1},{"id":"034680f8-6dfd-4860-9dae-09e83e450643","cardType":"basic","front":"Why is the AVN delay important?","back":"It lets the ventricles fill before they contract.","points":2},{"id":"1e5a5cab-58a0-4b21-89d2-e5ee753e9840","cardType":"cloze","front":"The AVN delays the impulse by about [ ] before ventricular excitation.","back":"The AVN delays the impulse by about 0.1 s before ventricular excitation.","points":null},{"id":"e71167f8-fd63-4313-981b-acd644e55c88","cardType":"basic","front":"Which pathway carries the impulse down the septum between the ventricles?","back":"The Bundle of His.","points":1},{"id":"4c06652a-2a3f-4a67-a2cb-97d91cc35ba1","cardType":"cloze","front":"Purkyne fibres spread excitation through ventricle walls so contraction starts at the [ ] and moves [ ].","back":"Purkyne fibres spread excitation through ventricle walls so contraction starts at the apex and moves upwards.","points":null},{"id":"e2a3e33f-7b26-49b5-93cf-16fd49d8da61","cardType":"basic","front":"On an ECG, what does the P wave show?","back":"Atrial depolarisation.","points":1},{"id":"e2acc76f-452a-4a2d-a046-0be4725bcec7","cardType":"basic","front":"On an ECG, what does the QRS complex show?","back":"Ventricular depolarisation.","points":1},{"id":"adc1d1f9-288d-4edc-8fcb-424a75ac02a1","cardType":"basic","front":"On an ECG, what does the T wave show?","back":"Ventricular repolarisation.","points":1},{"id":"6a20f584-35ed-4202-a19a-b957753c4165","cardType":"basic","front":"Why is atrial repolarisation usually hidden on an ECG?","back":"It occurs during the larger QRS signal.","points":2},{"id":"f8cf1ef2-7042-4a70-8993-ad4cbc87669b","cardType":"cloze","front":"An ECG records the heart’s [ ], not valve sounds or pressure changes.","back":"An ECG records the heart’s electrical activity, not valve sounds or pressure changes.","points":null},{"id":"d4401798-e778-4ca5-a35b-5ae7d537c7b9","cardType":"cloze","front":"From an ECG, heart rate is calculated as [ ], where t is the R-R interval in seconds.","back":"From an ECG, heart rate is calculated as HR = 60 ÷ t, where t is the R-R interval in seconds.","points":null},{"id":"bf89809a-d179-4e7f-8d4a-fc635795aec3","cardType":"basic","front":"Calculate heart rate if the R-R interval is 0.60 s.","back":"100 beats min^-1.","points":2},{"id":"f2eb705f-66dc-4ab7-8b0c-43c30eb19d04","cardType":"cloze","front":"Cardiac output is calculated as [ ].","back":"Cardiac output is calculated as CO = HR ×

Cardiac control, ECGs and exercise physiology Flashcards

Cardiac control, ECGs and exercise physiology Flashcards

Cardiac control, ECGs and exercise physiology Flashcards

Cardiac control, ECGs and exercise physiology Flashcards