bsp; ] repeated many times back-to-back.","back":"VNTRs are short non-coding DNA sequences repeated many times back-to-back.","points":null},{"id":"f2252d52-dc0b-4714-a749-5a35ec2b6c88","cardType":"basic","front":"What feature of VNTRs makes genetic fingerprints differ between people?","back":"The number of repeats at a locus varies between individuals.","points":1},{"id":"c5772542-9493-4a18-834f-84c03effedda","cardType":"basic","front":"Why can one person have two VNTR lengths at the same locus?","back":"They inherit one homologous chromosome from each parent.","points":2},{"id":"d5620e12-0d8c-433c-83c9-7d677615f11d","cardType":"cloze","front":"Genetic fingerprinting measures the [ ] of non-coding VNTR fragments, not the [ ].","back":"Genetic fingerprinting measures the lengths of non-coding VNTR fragments, not the base sequence.","points":null},{"id":"042db915-0b58-40d5-bfd4-bc51bfe6b333","cardType":"basic","front":"Why is PCR used before making a genetic fingerprint?","back":"It amplifies tiny DNA samples into millions of VNTR copies.","points":2},{"id":"025469e6-bdfd-4131-b6bc-a42a450de356","cardType":"basic","front":"What is the role of restriction endonucleases in genetic fingerprinting?","back":"They cut DNA into smaller fragments near target VNTRs.","points":1},{"id":"a5b9a025-6b01-44a6-9ff3-859d7ed0f98a","cardType":"basic","front":"Why must restriction endonucleases not cut inside a VNTR?","back":"It would destroy the VNTR length variation being measured.","points":2},{"id":"190a73aa-3ce5-4ddf-9609-9c3624b958d4","cardType":"cloze","front":"In gel electrophoresis, DNA is [ ] due to phosphate groups, so it moves towards the [ ].","back":"In gel electrophoresis, DNA is negatively charged due to phosphate groups, so it moves towards the positive electrode.","points":null},{"id":"01a362ea-33bf-41da-b9c4-45df97373387","cardType":"basic","front":"Why do shorter DNA fragments move further through the gel?","back":"They experience less resistance, so move faster and further.","points":2},{"id":"8f3b91df-7adb-4a61-8e69-f8d9a47ca595","cardType":"basic","front":"Why are separated DNA fragments transferred to a nylon membrane?","back":"The gel is fragile, so fragments are moved to a sturdy membrane.","points":1},{"id":"61830317-85f9-4776-a6bc-52d365fee699","cardType":"cloze","front":"DNA probes are short single-stranded DNA that hybridise to [ ].","back":"DNA probes are short single-stranded DNA that hybridise to complementary target VNTR fragments.","points":null},{"id":"b45dd772-5af1-438d-8426-f114436f29e1","cardType":"cloze","front":"Radioactive probes are visualised when their radiation exposes [ ].","back":"Radioactive probes are visualised when their radiation exposes X-ray film.","points":null},{"id":"540f218f-749f-42d1-8d2a-fdd3f9a8b467","cardType":"cloze","front":"Fluorescent probes are visualised by viewing the membrane under [ ].","back":"Fluorescent probes are visualised by viewing the membrane under UV light.","points":null},{"id":"3c400218-9324-4cee-8bcc-c8b37bda4a56","cardType":"basic","front":"In a paternity fingerprint, what must be true of every child band?","back":"It must appear in either the mother's or father's fingerprint.","points":1},{"id":"ca4fd1ad-a178-421e-9b2f-57bd0ef1560e","cardType":"basic","front":"If a child's

Genetic fingerprinting (A-level only) Flashcards

Genetic fingerprinting (A-level only) Flashcards

Genetic fingerprinting (A-level only) Flashcards

Genetic fingerprinting (A-level only) Flashcards